HISTOPATHOLOGY of MIXED INFECTIONS in REDCLAW CRAYFISH (Cherax quadricarinatus) TISSUES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2020.004.02.4Keywords:
bacteria, fungi, histopathology, infection, redclaw crayfish, virusAbstract
Redclaw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus) diseases have become an important issue with a number of reports from farms in Australia since the 1990s. About 30 Adult crayfish were housed at SVBS JCU and were given mixed food as required for 3wks. Crayfish samples were preserved at D21 by injecting the cephalothorax and abdominal muscles with Davidson’s fixative (10mL of Davidson per 1g crayfish). Histological examination was conducted by longitudinally slicing the cephalothorax, abdomen, and gill tissues at approximately 2-3mm thickness to obtain separate histological sections of the tissues. Sections were cut at 5µm and stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Gram-Twort, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), and phosphotungstic acid-eosin. An Olympus EC microscope was used to view the sections and the photographs were taken using QCapture.Pro. The results showed melanisation in the hepatopancreatic tissues, hemolymph and gills; Haemocytic aggregation in the hemolymph; Fungal hyphae in the gills; Multiple nodule formation surrounded by melanisation with continued haemocytic aggregation and whirling, early stage of catabolism and bacterial colonies were identified in the muscles. In conclusion, histopathological analyses in this study that redclaw crayfish is susceptible for mixed infection from bacteria, fungi, and virus.References
References
I. Ruscoe,†Redclaw Crayfish Aquaculture (Cherax quadricarinatus),†Fishnote Fisheries, Darwin vol. 32. 6 pp, 2002.
B.F. Edgerton, L.H. Evans, F.J. Stephens and R.M. Overstreet,†Synopsis of freshwater crayfish diseases and commensal organisms,†Aquaculture, vol. 206, pp. 57-135, 2002.
O. Hayakijikosol, L. Owens and J. Picard,†Case report of bacterial infections in a red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) hatchery,†Aquaculture, vol. 475, pp. 1-7, 2017.
R. Salighehzadeh, H. Sharifiyazdi, M. Akhlaghi, M. Khalafian, A. Gholamhosseini, and S. Soltanian, “Molecular and clinical evidence of Aeromonas hydrophila and Fusarium solani co-infection in narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus,†Dis. Aquat. Org., vol. 132, pp. 135-141, 2019.
C.Y. Hsieh, C.W. Huang, and Y.C. Pan,†Crayfish plague Aphanomyces astaci detected in redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus in Taiwan,†J. Inv. Pathol., vol. 136, pp. 117-123, 2016.
O. Hayakijikosol and L., Owens,†Investigation into the pathogenicity of reovirus to juvenile Cherax quadricarinatus,†Aquaculture, vol 316, pp. 1-4, 2011.
M. Longshaw, K.S. Bateman, P. Stebbing, G.D. Stentiford, and F.A. Hockley,†Disease risks associated with the importation and release of non-native crayfish species into mainland Britain,†Aquat. Bio., vol. 16, pp. 1-5, 2012.
D. Zuo, D.L. Wu, C.A. Ma, H.X. Li, Y.H. Huang, D.L. Wang and Y.L. Zhao,†Effects of white spot syndrome virus infection and role of immune polysaccharides of juvenile Cherax quadricarinatus,†Aquaculture, vol. 437, pp. 235-242, 2015.
R.P. Rud Yu, M.I. Maistrenko, O.L. Bezusiy and L.P., “Experimental Infection of Freshwater Crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus,†Bull. Prob. Bio. Med., vol. 113, pp. 70-74, 2014.
B.K. Chen, D. Zhen, L.D. Peng, Y.Y. Bin, P.N. Yuan, N.Y. Ying, and Y.D. Chun, “Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) infection in freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkia,†Aquaculture vol. 477, pp. 76-79, 2017.
K. Sakuna, J. Elliman, and L. Owens L,†Discovery of a novel Picornavirales, Chequa iflavirus, from stressed redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) from farms in northern Queensland, Australia,†Virus Res., vol. 238, pp. 148-15, 2017.
K. Sakuna, J. Elliman. A. Tzamouzaki, and L. Owens,†A novel virus (order Bunyavirales) from farms in northern Australia,†Virus Res., vol. 250, pp. 7-12, 2018.
R.A. Drury and E.A. Wallington,†Carleton's Histological Techniques. 5th Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 195 pp., 1980.
O. Hayakijkosol and L. Owens,†Non-permissive C6/36 cell culture for the Australian isolate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus,†J. Fish Dis., vol. 36 no. 4, pp. 401–409, 2012.
L. Cerenius and K. Söderhäll, “Crayfish immunity–Recent findings,†Dev. Comp. Immun. vol. 80, 9. pp. 4-98, 2018.
I. Söderhäll,†Crustacean hematopoiesis,†Dev. Comp. Immun., vol. 58, pp. 129-141, 2016.
I. Söderhäll, C. Wu, M. Novotny, B.L. Lee, and K. Söderhäll,†A novel Protein Acts as a Negative Regulator of Prophenoloxidase Activation and Melanization in the Freshwater Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus," J. Bio. Chem., vol. 284, pp. 6301–6310, 2009.
C. Noonin,†Melanization and hemoyte homeostasis in the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus,†Digital comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertation from the Faculty of Science and Technology. 50pp., 2013.
Z. Qin, S. Babu, H. Lin, Y. Dai, H. Kou, L. Chen, J. Li, L. Zhao, and L. Lin,†The immune function of prophenoloxidase from red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in response to bacterial infection,†Fish Shell. Immun., vol. 92, pp. 83-90, 2019.
F. Li, X. Chang, and F. Yang,†Different roles of crayfish hemocytes in the uptake of foreign particles,†Fish Shell. Immun., vol. 77, pp. 112-119, 2018.
L. Cerenius, S. Kawabata, B.L. Lee, M. Nonaka, and K. Söderhäll “Proteolytic cascades and their involvement in invertebrate immunity,†Trends Biochem. Sci., vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 575-83, 2010.
J.F. Hillyer,†Mosquito immunity,†Adv. Exp. Med. Bio., vol. 708, pp. 218-238, 2010.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.