Aplikasi Bakteri Probiotik Bacillus Spp. terhadap Pembentukan Biofilm dan Kualitas Air: Studi Eksperimental pada Media Kultur Budidaya Udang Vaname
Application of Probiotic Bacteria Bacillus Spp. on Biofilm Formation and Water Quality: an Experimental Study on Vaname Shrimp Cultury Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.01.2Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh aplikasi probiotik Bacillus spp. terhadap pembentukan biofilm dan kualitas air pada media budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan akuarium berkapasitas 12 liter yang dilengkapi substrat HDPE sebagai media pembentukan biofilm. Parameter kualitas air yang diamati meliputi suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), salinitas, dan amonia (NH₃). Pengukuran dilakukan secara berkala selama 168 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi probiotik Bacillus spp. secara signifikan memengaruhi penurunan kadar amonia dan peningkatan ketebalan biofilm. Suhu dan pH berada dalam kisaran optimal, yaitu 28–30°C dan 7,5–8,5, yang mendukung pertumbuhan udang vaname dan aktivitas probiotik. Penurunan kadar amonia terlihat sangat signifikan, dari kondisi awal 3,9 mg/L menjadi <1 mg/L pada perlakuan probiotik. Pembentukan biofilm yang signifikan pada substrat HDPE menunjukkan bahwa probiotik mendukung terciptanya habitat mikroorganisme yang stabil, sehingga efektif dalam proses degradasi senyawa toksik seperti amonia. Pembentukan biofilm yang stabil dan Bacillus spp. mendukung proses bioremediasi serta menjaga kualitas air, sehingga menciptakan lingkungan yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas udang vaname. Stabilitas biofilm ini juga berperan dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem mikroba pada media budidaya. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa aplikasi probiotik Bacillus spp. memiliki potensi dalam meningkatkan kualitas air dan mendukung pengelolaan limbah seperti amonia, dalam sistem budidaya udang vaname. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa probiotik Bacillus spp. berpotensi dalam mendukung produktivitas budidaya.
This study aims to explore the effect of probiotic Bacillus spp. application on biofilm formation and water quality in vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture media. The study was conducted experimentally using a 12-liter aquarium equipped with HDPE substrate as a medium for biofilm formation. Water quality parameters observed included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and ammonia (NH₃). Measurements were taken periodically for 168 hours. The results showed that the application of probiotic Bacillus spp. significantly affected the decrease in ammonia levels and the increase in biofilm thickness. Temperature and pH were within the optimal range of 28-30°C and 7.5-8.5, which favored vaname shrimp growth and probiotic activity. A significant decrease in ammonia levels was observed, from the initial condition of 3.9 mg/L to <1 mg/L in the probiotic treatment. Significant biofilm formation on HDPE substrate indicates that probiotics support the creation of a stable microorganism habitat, making it effective in the degradation process of toxic compounds such as ammonia. Stable biofilm formation and Bacillus spp. support the bioremediation process and maintain water quality, creating an optimal environment for vaname shrimp growth and productivity. This biofilm stability also plays a role in maintaining the balance of the microbial ecosystem in the culture medium. This study confirms that the application of probiotic Bacillus spp. has a positive effect on the growth of vaname shrimp.
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