MONITORING MANGROVE UNTUK ESTIMASI POTENSI KARBON BIRU DI DUMAI, RIAU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2021.005.02.34Keywords:
Biomass, carbon stock, mangrove forest, Dumai, RiauAbstract
Mangrove menyediakan berbagai jasa ekosistem, salah satunya adalah sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon biru. Perhitungan jumlah simpanan dan serapan karbon di hutan mangrove menjadi penting karena hutan mangrove di Indonesia memiliki simpanan karbon biru tertinggi di dunia. Informasi potensi karbon biru mangrove dapat diperoleh dari kegiatan monitoring mangrove yang dilakukan secara berkala. Dengan lokasi penelitian di Dumai, Riau, studi ini mengestimasi karbon yang disimpan dan diserap oleh pohon mangrove di tepi sungai dan dalam hutan. Struktur komunitas diketahui dengan menghitung Shannon-Wiener Index, sementara biomasa dan potensi simpanan karbon mangrove dihitung dengan persamaan alometrik khusus berdasarkan jenis. Jenis mangrove yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian antara lain Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia marina, Xylocarpus granatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba, Lumnitzera racemosa, dan Nypa frutican, dimana  Stasiun Tepi Sungai didominasi oleh Xylocarpus granatum (kisaran Ø 1.36-23.25 cm), sementara Rhizophora apiculata mendominasi stasiun di dalam hutan dengan kisaran Ø 1.27-23.25 cm. Laju pertumbuhan mangrove cukup beragam dan Avicennia marina memiliki laju tercepat. Hasil menunjukan bahwa dengan estimasi rata-rata biomasa mangrove sekitar 596.56 Mg ha-1 hutan mangrove di Dumai, Riau berpotensi menyimpan karbon sebesar 285.24 Mg C ha-1. Karbon yang tersimpan di Stasiun Dalam Hutan lebih besar (332.9 Mg C ha-1) dibandingkan dengan di Stasiun Tepi Sungai (237.58 Mg C ha-1). Apabila satu hektar hutan mangrove di Dumai, Riau, rusak atau hilang, maka potensi karbon yang dilepaskan sebesar 1046.83 Mg CO2 ha-1, yaitu setara dengan jumlah CO2 yang terlepas dari pembakaran 524.82 ton batu bara.
Mangroves provide various ecosystem services, one of which is as a carbon sink and storage. The assessment of mangrove carbon stock and sequestration becomes a global concern especially for Indonesia’s mangrove forests that store most of mangrove blue carbon in the world. Blue carbon potentialsl in mangroves can be estimated by assessing mangroves through periodic monitoring. Here, the study was undertaken in mangrove forests in Dumai, Riau and aimed to assess the carbon stored and sequestered in mangroves located riverside and inside the forests. The forest structure was examined with the Shannon-Wiener Index, while biomass and potential carbon storage of mangroves calculated by specific allometric equations based on the species. The species found in the study site were Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia marina, Xylocarpus granatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Nypa frutican. The riverside station was dominated by Xylocarpus granatum (ranging Ø 1.36-23.25 cm), while Rhizophora apiculata dominated the station inside the forest (ranging Ø o1.27-23.25 cm). The rates of mangrove growth varied among the species, with Avicennia marina as the greatest. Our result showed that the mean of mangrove biomass in the study site was 596.56 Mg ha-1 with carbon stock potential of 285.24 Mg C ha-1. Mangroves inside the forests stored more carbon (332.9 Mg C ha-1) than ones in the riverside (237.58 Mg C ha-1). We estimated that the destruction of one hectare of mangrove forest in the study site can potentially release 1046.83 CO2, which is equivalent to CO2 released from 524.82 tonnes of burned coals.
References
D. G. Bengen, Pedoman teknis pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem mangrove. Bogor: Pusat Kajian Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Lautan, Institut. Pertanian Bogor., 2001.
N. C. Duke et al., “A World Without Mangroves?,†Science (80-. )., vol. 317, no. 5834, pp. 41b-42b, 2007, doi: 10.1126/science.317.5834.41b.
W. Ohira, K. Honda, M. Nagai, and A. Ratanasuwan, “How effective were mangroves as a defence against the recent tsunami?,†Trees (Berl. West), vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 443–7, 2013, doi: 10.2307/2387877.
D. R. Cahoon et al., “Mass Tree Mortality Leads to Mangrove Peat Collapse at Bay Islands , Honduras after Hurricane Mitch Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse at Bay Islands , Honduras after Hurricane M,†J. Ecol., vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 1093–1105, 2003.
C. Giri et al., “Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data,†Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 154–159, 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x.
D. M. Alongi et al., “Indonesia’s blue carbon: a globally significant and vulnerable sink for seagrass and mangrove carbon,†Wetl. Ecol. Manag., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3–13, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11273-015-9446-y.
R. Agung et al., Status Hutan & Kehutanan Indonesia 2018. Jakarta, 2018.
M. Alkhatib, T. C. Jennerjahn, and J. Samiaji, “Biogeochemistry of the Dumai River estuary, Sumatra , Indonesia , a tropical black-water river,†Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 2410–2417, 2007.
S. Nedi, B. Pramudya, E. Riani, and Manuwoto, “Karakteristik lingkungan perairan Selat Rupat,†J. Environ. Sci., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 25–35, 2010.
E. Prianto, R. Jhonnerie, R. Firdaus, T. Hidayat, and Miswadi, “Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Struktur Ekologi Mangrove Dewasa di Kawasan Pesisir Kota Dumai - Propinsi Riau,†Biodiversitas, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 327–332, 2006.
UNESCO, “Coastal blue carbon,†2017, [Online]. Available: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/sections-and-programmes/ocean-sciences/ocean-carbon/coastal-blue-carbon/.
J. B. Kauffman and D. C. Donato, “Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests,†Bogor, Indonesia, 2012.
E. Prianto, R. Jhonnerie, R. Firdaus, T. Hidayat, and Miswadi, “Keanekaragaman hayati dan struktur ekologi mangrove dewasa di kawasan pesisir Kota Dumai,†Biodiversitas, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 327–332, 2006, doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d070406.
F. K. Dimalen and M. J. Rojo, “Floral diversity of a mangrove forest in Cotabato City, Philippines,†J. Bio. Env. Sci, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 117–123, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.innspub.net.
F. Kasim, M. K. Kadim, S. Nursinar, Z. Karim, and A. Lamalango, “Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo islands, north Gorontalo district, Indonesia,†Biodiversitas, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 259–266, 2019, doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d200142.
S. Kitamura, C. Anwar, A. Chaniago, and S. Baba, Handbook of Mangroves in Indonesia: Bali and Lombok. Tokyo, Japan: International Society for Mangrove Ecosystem (ISME), 1997.
A. Komiyama, S. Poungparn, and S. Kato, “Common allometric equations for estimating the tree weight of mangroves,†J. Trop. Ecol., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 471–477, 2005, doi: 10.1017/S0266467405002476.
I. W. S. Dharmawan and C. A. Siregar, “Karbon tanah dan pendugaan karbon tegakan,†Penelit. Hutan dan Konserv. Alam, vol. V, no. No.4, pp. 317–328, 2008.
J. B. Kauffman and T. G. Cole, “Micronesian mangrove forest structure and tree responses to a severe typhoon,†Wetlands, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1077–1084, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s13157-010-0114-y.
M. A. Talan, “Persamaan Penduga Biomassa,†2008.
A. Kangkuso et al., “Allometric models and aboveground biomass of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. forest in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia,†Forest Sci. Technol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 2016, doi: 10.1080/21580103.2015.1034191.
A. I. S. Purwiyanto and F. Agustriani, “Estimasi Stok Karbon Mangrove (Aboveground) di Tanjung Api-Api, Sumatera Selatan,†J. Ilmu dan Teknol. Kelaut. Trop., vol. 9, no. Desember 2017, pp. 761–770, 2017, doi: 10.29244/jitkt.v9i2.19308.
S. Manuri, D. Consulting, J. Purbopuspito, and M. W. Warren, “S-Stock Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystem at Sembilang National Park, South Sumatera, Indonesia,†2011. doi: 10.13140/2.1.3600.8965.
M. A. Kusumaningtyas et al., “Blue Carbon Stock of Mangrove Ecosystem in Nusa Penida , Bali,†no. November, pp. 4–7, 2014.
A. Wibowo, “Kajian Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Sektor Kehutanan untuk Mendukung Kebijakan Perpres No. 61 / 2011 (Review of Reducing Green House Gas Emission for Forestry Sector to Support the Policy of Presidential Regulation No. 61 / 2011),†J. Anal. Kebijak. Kehutan., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 235–254, 2013.
R. N. A. Ati et al., “Stok Karbon Dan Struktur Komunitas Mangrove Sebagai Blue Carbon Di Tanjung Lesung, Banten,†J. Segara, vol. 10, no. 2, 2015, doi: 10.15578/segara.v10i2.21.
S. Y. Roza, “Kontribusi mangrove dalam memerangkap sedimen di wilayah pesisir Kota Dumai Provinsi Riau,†2016.
D. C. Donato, J. B. Kauffman, D. Murdiyarso, S. Kurnianto, M. Stidham, and M. Kanninen, “Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics,†Nat. Geosci., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 293–297, 2011, doi: 10.1038/ngeo1123.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
