Pengembangan Efisiensi Perikanan Skala Kecil Berkelanjutan bagi Nelayan Danau Tempe
Development of Sustainable Small Scale Fishery Efficiency for Lake Tempe Fishermen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2024.008.02.8Keywords:
Perikanan, Skala Kecil, Alat Tangkap, Keramahan Lingkungan, Pengelolaan Bersama, Fisheries, Small Scale, Fishing Gear, Environmental Friendliness, Co ManagementAbstract
Aktivitas penangkapan ikan di Danau Tempe merupakan mata pencaharian utama bagi banyak nelayan dan memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap perekonomian lokal. Namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penangkapan ikan di Danau Tempe menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan permasalahan. Salah satu permasalahan utama adalah penggunaan alat penangkapan ikan yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2023 untuk mengkaji efesiensi teknis nelayan skala kecil dan tingkat keramahan lingkungan pada penggunaan alat penangkapan ikan di Danau Tempe. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode survey dan selanjutnya menggunakan metode analisis produktifitas, komposisi dan analisis data indeks keramahan lingkungan untuk mengetahui secara langsung penggunaan dari masing-masing alat tangkap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 1 trip penangkapan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap Jaring Insang, Pancing Rawai, Jala Tebar, dan Anco diperoleh 7 jenis ikan hasil tangkapan yang dominan yaitu ikan Mujiar, ikan Tawes, ikan Sapu-sapu, ikan Nila, ikan Bungo, ikan Betutu, ikan Patin. Identifikasi hasil tangkapan alat tangkap jaring insang (Gill Net) menangkap sebanyak 5 spesies, alat tangkap rawai (Long Line) menangkap sebanyak 2 spesies, alat tangkap jala tebar (Cast Net) menangkap sebanyak 5 spesies, alat tangkap Anco (Lift Net) menangkap sebanyak 4 spesies. Dan alat tangkap Anco (Lift Net) menangkap sebanyak 4 spesies. Terdapat inefisiensi yang mempengaruhi dari total hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh pada masing-masing alat tangkap selama penangkapan. Dari hasil tingkat keramahan lingkungan alat tangkap yang digunakan nelayan Danau Tempe yaitu dari jaring insang (Gill Net) menghasilkan skor sebesar 31,1%, rawai (Long Line) skor sebesar 31%, jala tebar (Cast Net) skor sebesar 32,5%, dan anco (Lift Net) skor sebesar 32%, berdasarkan skor tersebut semua alat tangkap yang gunakan termasuk kategori ramah lingkungan menurut klasifikasi statistik internasional standar FAO.
Fishing activities in Lake Tempe are the main livelihood for many fishermen and make a significant contribution to the local economy. However, in recent years, fishing in Lake Tempe has faced various challenges and problems. One of the main problems is the use of fishing equipment that is not environmentally friendly. This research was conducted from January to May 2023 to examine the technical efficiency of small-scale fishermen and the level of environmental friendliness in the use of fishing equipment in Lake Tempe. The data was analyzed using the survey method and then using the productivity analysis method, composition and environmental friendliness index data analysis to find out directly the use of each fishing gear. Based on the results of the research, it shows that during 1 fishing trip using Gill Net, Longline Fishing, Tebar Net and Anco fishing gear, 7 dominant types of fish were obtained, namely Mujiar fish, Tawes fish, Sapu-sapu fish, Tilapia fish, Bungo fish, fish Betutu, Patin fish. Identification of catches by gill net fishing gear (Gill Net) caught as many as 5 species, longline fishing gear (Long Line) caught as many as 2 species, cast net fishing gear (Cast Net) caught as many as 5 species, Anco fishing gear (Lift Net) caught as many as 4 species. And the Anco fishing gear (Lift Net) catches as many as 4 species. There are inefficiencies that affect the total catch obtained from each fishing gear during fishing. From the results of the level of environmental friendliness of the fishing gear used by Lake Tempe fishermen, namely gill nets (Gill Net) resulting in a score of 31.1%, longlines (Long Line) a score of 31%, cast nets (Cast Net) a score of 32.5% , and anco (Lift Net) score of 32%, based on this score all fishing gear used is included in the environmentally friendly category according to the FAO standard international statistical classification.
References
FAO. (2020). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020. In Sustainability in action. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en. Rome.
A Kurniawan et al. (2022). Fisheries Resource Management of Lake Tempe Based on Co-Management in Wajo Regency, Southern Sulawesi. ECSOFiM (Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal) 10 (1), 114-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2022.010.01.04.
FAO, Duke University & WorldFish. (2022). Small-scale fisheries and sustainable development: Key findings from the Illuminating Hidden Harvests report. In Rome, FAO; durham, USA. Penang, Malaysia, WorldFish: Duke University.https://www.fao.org/3/cc0386en/cc0386en.pdf. (Accessed 25 Agustus 2023).
Benkenstein, A. (2013). Small-scale fisheries in a modernizing economy: Opportunities and challenges in Mozambique. In Research report 1 3, governance of africa’s resources programme. SAIIA. file:///C:/Users/VICTORNKODJ/Downloads/saia_rpt_13__benkenstein_20130911.pdf . (Accessed 11 August 2023).
Che, B., N’Souvi, K., Sun, C., Leibrecht, M., & Nantob, B. (2022). Between tradition, strategies and taste: Understanding fish consumption habits in Togo. Sustainability, 14, Article 11475.https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811475.
FAO. (2020). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020. In Sustainability in action. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en. Rome.
Mutchnick, R. J., & Berg, B. L. (1996). Research methods for the social sciences: Practice and applications. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Paulus, C. & A. Fauzi. 2017. Factors Affecting Sustainability of alternatives livelihood in coastal community of Nembrala East Nusa Tenggara: An Application of MICMAC Method. J. Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 18(2):34-41. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v18i2.4397
N’Souvi, K., Sun, C., Zhang, H., Broohm, D. A., & Okey, M. K. N. (2021). Fisheries and aquaculture in Togo: Overview, performance, fisheries policy, challenges and comparative study with Ghana, Mali, Niger and Senegal fisheries and aquaculture. Marine Policy, 132,Article 104681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104681.
Salim, G., & Kelen, pius bae. (2017). Analisis Identifikasi Komposisi Hasil Tangkap an Menggunakan Alat Tangkap Jaring Insang Hanyut (Drift Gill Net) Di S ekatae Pulau Bunyu, Kalimantan Utara. Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 10(1), 13– 22.
Sima, A.M. Yunasfi, Harahap, Z.A 2015. Identifikasi Alat tangkap Ikan Ramah Lingkungan di Desa Bagan Asahan kecamatan Tanjung Balai, Vol. No.3. Hal 48-60.
Jueseah, A. S., Tomasson, ´ T., Knutsson, O., & Kristofersson, D. M. (2021). Technical efficiency analysis of coastal small scale fisheries in Liberia. Sustainability, 13, 7767. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147767.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
