Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Sumber Bibit terhadap Produksi Kepiting Cangkang Lunak
The Impact of Sex and Broodstock on Soft-Shelled Crab Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.01.16Keywords:
Kepiting Cangkap Lunakan, Jenis Kelamin Kepiting , Sumber Bibit Kepiting, Soft Shel Crab, Types of Crab Sex, Source of Crab SeedsAbstract
Saat ini terjadi peningkatan konsumsi kepiting secara global. Peningkatan konsumsi global memberikan dampak positif terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, namun produksi kepiting hasil tangkapan dari perairan Indonesia, termasuk wilayah Kabupaten Langkat, masih rendah. Salah satu strategi untuk mengatasi permasalahan terbatasnya produksi kepiting hasil tangkapan laut adalah dengan pengembangan industri budidaya kepiting cangkang lunak atau soft shell crab. Ada beberapa jenis kepiting yang dapat dijadikan kepiting cangkang lunak dan dapat dibudidayakan misalnya kepiting bakau dan jenis lainnya antara lain Portunus pelagicus dan Callinectes sapidus. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mengkaji secara ilmiah pengaruh jenis kelamin dan sumber bibit terhadap produksi kepiting cangkang lunak. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai pengaruh jenis kelamin dan sumber benih terhadap produksi kepiting lunak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di unit tambak selama empat bulan yaitu pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2020 yang berlokasi di Desa Tanjung Ibus Kecamatan Secanggang Kabupaten Langkat Provinsi Sumatera Utara yang terletak di unit tambak milik peneliti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 2 (dua) faktor perlakuan. Faktor perlakuan pertama adalah jenis kelamin (K) yang terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu betina dengan perut berbentuk V (K1), betina dengan perut berbentuk U (K2) dan jantan (K3). Faktor perlakuan kedua adalah sumber benih (S) yang terdiri dari hasil tangkapan langsung dari laut (S1) dan dari hasil pendederam sebelumnya di unit tambak S (S2). Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 (tiga) kali.Parameter uji yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan pada penelitian ini meliputi: persentase kelangsungan hidup, total produksi dan kualitas air (suhu, pH, salinitas dan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut). Uji ragam pada percobaan faktorial dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor perlakuan sumber benih dan faktor perlakuan jenis kelamin benih mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap produksi kepiting lunak namun interaksi antara perlakuan sumber benih dengan perlakuan jenis kelamin benih. tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi kepitimg lunak. Jenis kelamin dan sumber benih kepitimg lunak berpengaruh nyata, namun interaksi kedua faktor perlakuan tidak nyata terhadap produksi kepitimg lunak. Kepiting betina berbentuk V mempunyai produksi kepiting lunak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kepiting betina berbentuk U dan kepiting jantan. Kepiting betina berbentuk V mempunyai produksi kepiting lunak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kepiting betina berbentuk U dan kepiting jantan.
Currently there is an increase in global consumption of crabs. The increase in global consumption has had a positive impact on the Indonesian economy, but the production of crabs caught from Indonesian seas, including the Langkat Regency area, is still low. One strategy to overcome the problem of limited production of sea-caught crabs is the development of a soft-shell crab or soft-shell crab cultivation industry. There are a number of crab species that can be made into soft shell crabs and can be cultivated for example mud crabs and other species include Portunus pelagicus and Callinectes sapidus. This article is the result of research that scientifically examines the influence of gender and seed source on the production of softshell crabs. So this research aims to obtain information about the influence of gender and seed source on soft crab production. This research was carried out in a brackish water pond for four months, namely from August to November 2020, located in Tanjung Ibus Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province, located in the researcher's Inot pond. This research is a factorial experiment in a Randomized Group Design with 2 (two) treatment factors. The first treatment factor is gender (K) which consists of 3 types, namely females with a V-shaped stomach (K1), females with a U-shaped stomach (K2) and males (K3). The second treatment factor is the source of seeds (S) which consists of caught directly from the sea (S1) and from a brackish water pond that have been previously raisedS (S2). Each treatment combination was repeated 3 (three) times.The test parameters used to evaluate the effect of treatment in this study include: survival percentage, total production and water quality (temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration).The test of variance in the factorial experiment with a Randomized Block Design in this study showed that the seed source treatment factor and the seed sex treatment factor had a significant influence on soft crab production but the interaction between the seed source treatment and the seed sex treatment had no significant effect on production of soft crab. Gender and source of crab seeds had a significant effect, but the interaction between the two treatment factors was not significant on soft crab production. V-shaped female crabs have a higher production of soft crabs compared to U-shaped female crabs and male crabs. V-shaped female crabs have a higher production of soft crabs compared to U-shaped female crabs and male crabs.
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