Alat Tangkap yang Ditinggalkan, Hilang, dan Dibuang: Studi Kasus Alat Tangkap Jaring Rajungan dan Bubu Rajungan pada Perikanan Rajungandi Demak Jawa Tengah

Abandoned, Lost, and Discarded Fishing Gear: A Case Study of Swimming Crab Fisheries

Abstract

Rajungan merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan sektor perikanan tangkap di perairan yang ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang dan bubu / bubu lipat. Potensi hilangnya kedua alat tangkap tersebut saat dioperasikan sangat tinggi, baik disebabkan oleh faktor cuaca, kondisi dasar perairan maupun interaksi dengan alat tangkap lain. Tertinggalnya alat tangkap di perairan yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Abandoned, Lost or Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap melimpahnya marine debris (sampah laut) di laut yang memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kelestarian sumberdaya ikan, kualitas perairan dan membahayakan keselamatan pelayaran. Meskipun demikian, belum ada upaya mitigasi dan pengurangan ALDFG di perairan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi penyebab tertinggalnya alat tangkap pada perikanan rajungan di perairan laut.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan di kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah pada bulan Agustus dan September 2023 dengan metode wawancara terhadap responden yang dipilih secara sengaja di sekitar pendaratan nelayan rajungan, yang hasilnya kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Studi ini menemukan bahwa sumber sampah laut yang berasal dari alat tangkap rajungan khususnya adalah disebabkan oleh alat tangkap yang hilang bukan karena sengaja dibuang ke laut. Alat tangkap yang hilang terjadi karena faktor alam (23%) dan atau diterjang oleh pengoperasian alat tangkap jenis lainnya (27%).

Blue swimming crab is one of the leading commodities in the capture fisheries sector in waters which are caught using gill nets and traps/bubu lipat. The potential for loss of these two fishing gears during operation is very high, both due to weather factors, bottom conditions of the waters and interactions with other fishing gears. Leftover fishing gear in the waters known as Abandoned, Lost or Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) contributes significantly to the abundance of marine debris in the sea which has a negative impact on the preservation of fish resources, water quality and endangers shipping safety. Even so, there have been little efforts to mitigate and reduce ALDFG in marine waters. This study conducted at Demak of Central Java from August to September 2023 which aims to identify the causes of fishing gear debris in crab fisheries in marine waters. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with respondents who were deliberately selected around the crab fishermen's landings, the results of which were then analyzed descriptively. This study found that the source of marine debris originating from swimming crab fishing gear was caused by lost fishing gear, not because it was intentionally thrown into the sea. Lost fishing gear occurs due to natural factors and is affected by the operation of other types of fishing gear by 23% and 27% respectively.