Pagebluk di Pesisir Jawa: Studi Kasus Strategi Adaptasi Ekonomi Nelayan Pantai Blado Menghadapi Covid-19
Plague on the Coast of Java: a Case Study of the Economic Adaptation Strategy of Blado Beach Fishermen in the Facing of Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2024.008.03.3Keywords:
Strategi, Adaptasi, Nelayan, Covid-19, Strategy, Adaptation, FishermenAbstract
Dampak Covid-19 secara umum telah banyak mempengaruhi berbagai perubahan terhadap masyarakat Indonesia, terutama pada sektor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi perubahan aspek dalam keseharian masyarakat nelayan. Laju perekonomian masyarakat nelayan yang cenderung menurun menjadi salah satu aspek perubahan pada saat pandemi covid-19. Perubahan laju ekonomi mengakibatkan masyarakat nelayan kesulitan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya seperti sandang, pangan, papan dan pendidikan bagi anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat nelayan dalam upaya menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini merupakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Proses untuk mengumpulkan data primer dalam studi ini adalah dengan cara wawancara mendalam bersama 11 informan. Informan ditentukan secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria informan yang memahami tentang adaptasi rumah tangga nelayan dan peran stakeholder dalam penanganan Covid-19. Selain pengumpulan data primer, diperlukan juga pengumpulan data sekunder terkait dengan gambaran umum wilayah dan perkembangan lanskap Kabupaten Trenggalek dan Kecamatan Munjungan untuk mengetahui karakteristik wilayah pesisiran. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan cara reduksi data, konsensasi data, penyajian data, dan disimpulkan. Hasil analisis diformulasikan dalam sebuah solusi untuk memberikan pemecahan masalah yang tengah dihadapi oleh nelayan pasca pandemi Covid-19. Hasil pembahasan dikemukakan bahwa sebagian nelayan memilih untuk mengubah mata pencahariaan atau melakukan pekerjaan sampingan seperti melakukan aktivitas bertani dan berternak. Sebagian nelayan tetap memilih untuk melaut meskipun harus menghadapi ketakutan karena covid-19. Peran Stakeholder penting terhadap masyarakat nelayan dengan berbagai kebijakan yang telah diterapkan demi kembali menggerakkan ekonomi yang terhambat.
The impact of Covid-19 in general has influenced many changes, especially in the socio-economic sector which affects changes in aspects of human daily life. The rate of the Indonesian people's economy which tends to decline is one aspect of change during the Covid-19 pandemic. Changes in the rate of the economy have made it difficult for people to meet their basic needs such as clothing, food, shelter and education for children. The purpose of this study is to describe the adaptation strategies carried out by fishing communities in an effort to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a case study with a qualitative approach. The process of collecting primary data in this study is through in-depth interviews with 10 informants. In addition to collecting primary data, it is also necessary to collect secondary data related to the general description of the area and the development of the landscape of Trenggalek Regency and Munjungan District to determine the characteristics of the coastal area. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed related to the characteristics of the Munjungan community in general and the adaptation strategies of the fishermen of Blado Beach. The results of the analysis are formulated in a solution to provide solutions to the problems being faced by fishermen after the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the discussion stated that some fishermen chose to change their livelihoods or do side jobs such as farming and livestock activities. Some fishermen still choose to go to sea even though they have to face fear because of covid-19. The role of stakeholders is important for fishing communities with various policies that have been implemented in order to revive the hampered economy.
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