Uji Viabilitas Kandidat Vaksin Bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila Menggunakan Metode Formalin-Killed dengan Konsentrasi Berbeda
Viability Assay of Aeromonas Hydrophila as Candidate Vaccine Using Formalin-Killed Method at Different Concentration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.01.7Keywords:
Vaksin, A. hydrophila, Uji Viabilitas, Uji Adhesi, Vaccines, Viability Assay, Adhesion AssayAbstract
Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi penyakit pada ikan yaitu menumbuhkan kekebalan seperti vaksinasi karena kekebalan tubuh yang meningkat pada ikan dapat mencegah infeksi penyakit. upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengembangkan program imunisasi yang efektif dengan menggunakan vaksin yang dibuat dari sel utuh bakteri yang diinaktivasi menggunakan formalin dan/atau pemanasan Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil uji viabilitas dan hasil uji adhesi sel epitel usus menggunakan vaksin inaktif formalin dengan konsentrasi berbeda. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 3 perlakuan (A=2%, B=3%, dan C=4%) dan kontrol dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil kandidat vaksin inaktif bakteri A.hydrophila sebanyak 9 ml/tabung falcon. Infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila dengan kepadatan 109 cfu/ml sebanyak 0,1 ml dengan masa pemeliharaan 1 minggu ditandai terjadi pengerasan di bagian perut dan terdapat kerusakan pada sirip punggung pada hari ketujuh. Hasil uji viabilitas menunjukkan tidak terdapat pertumbuhan koloni bakteri A. hydrophila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hasil uji adhesi sel epitel usus pada kontrol dan perlakuan A, B, C diperoleh rata-rata 10.3, 0.73, 0.43, dan 0.23 bakteri/10 sel epitel. Analisis uji ANOVA diperoleh nilai uji F Hitung > F Tabel, artinya perlakuan memberikan pengaruh sangat berbeda signifikan antar semua perlakuan. Hasil analisa regresi diperoleh (R2) sebesar 0.66 bahwa hubungan keterkaitan antara vaksin inaktif konsentrasi formalin berbeda dengan jumlah bakteri A. hydrophila yang menempel pada sel epitel sebesar 66%.
One preventive effort to tackle diseases in fish is by boosting immunity, such as through vaccination, as increased immunity in fish can prevent disease infections. Efforts have been made to develop effective immunization programs using vaccines made from whole bacterial cells inactivated using formalin and/or heat. The objective of this study was to determine the results of viability tests and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion tests using formalin-inactivated vaccines with different concentrations. The method used in this study was an experimental approach with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments (A=2%, B=3%, and C=4%) and a control, each with three replications. The study results showed that the candidate inactivated vaccine of A. hydrophila bacteria was obtained at 9 ml/falcon tube. A. hydrophila bacterial infection with a density of 10⁹ CFU/ml at 0.1 ml and a maintenance period of one week was characterized by abdominal hardening and dorsal fin damage on the seventh day. The viability test results showed no bacterial colony growth of A. hydrophila compared to the control. The intestinal epithelial cell adhesion test results for the control and treatments A, B, and C showed average bacterial adhesion of 10.3, 0.73, 0.43, and 0.23 bacteria/10 epithelial cells, respectively. ANOVA test analysis showed that the calculated F-value was greater than the table F-value, indicating a highly significant effect among all treatments. Regression analysis resulted in an R² value of 0.66, suggesting that 66% of the variation in the adhesion of A. hydrophila bacteria to epithelial cells was associated with different formalin concentrations in the inactivated vaccine.
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