Pemutihan Karang Akibat Pemanasan Global Tahun 2016 Terhadap Ekosistem Terumbu Karang: Studi Kasus Di TWP Gili Matra (Gili Air, Gili Meno dan Gili Trawangan) Provinsi NTB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2017.001.02.1Keywords:
pemanasan global, pemutihan karang, tutupan karang, ikan karangAbstract
Abstract
Increased sea surface temperatures due to global warming that occurred from the early to mid 2016 caused of coral bleaching in several locations in TWP Gili Matra. Observations of coral bleaching obtained from coral colonies compotition affected by bleaching (50%), white (18%), death (1%) and was not affected (31%). These implications resulting decline in coral cover but not significant (F (1,013) = 0.333, p > 0.05) from 23,43% ± 2,61 SE in 2012 to 18,48% ± 4,14 SE in 2016 and a significant decrease (P (58,06) = 3,8e-06) recruitment of coral (coral Juvenil) from 6,66 ind.m-1 ± 1,04 SE in 2012 to 1,41 ind.m-1 ± 0,16 SE in 2016. the other impact is a significant reduction (P(20.84) = 0,00053, p <0,001) the abundance of reef fish from 28.733,26 ind.ha-1 ± 3.757,89 SE in 2012 to 11.431,18 ind.ha-1 ± 702,53 SE in 2016 and a decline in the biomass of reef fish but not significant (F (0,58) = 0,46, P> 0.05) from 506,56 kg.ha-1 ± 99,05 SE in 2012 to 438,41 kg.ha-1 ± 45,69 SE in 2016. The decline of coral recruitment resulted in the recovery of the affected areas bleaching becomes slow because of the juvenile new coral mostly dead. The second impact of bleaching is an abundance of fish decrease, indicating that is available only fish big size (adult) and very less of small fishes, including juvenile.
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Keywords: global warming, coral bleaching, coral cover, reef fishes
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Abstrak
Peningkatan suhu permukaan laut akibat pemanasan global yang terjadi dari awal hingga pertengahan tahun 2016 memberikan dampak pemutihan karang di beberapa lokasi di TWP Gili Matra. Hasil pengamatan pemutihan karang didapatkan komposisi dari koloni karang yang terkena pemutihan (50%), pucat (18%), mati (1%) dan tidak terdampak 31%. Implikasi ini mengakibatkan turunnya tutupan karang namun tidak signifikan (P(1.013)=0.333,p> 0,05) dari 23,43% ± 2,61 SE di tahun 2012 menjadi 18,48 % ± 4,14 SE di tahun 2016 serta penurunan signifikan (P(58,06) = 3,8e-06)rekruitmen karang (Juvenil karang) dari 6,66 ind.m-1 ± 1,04 SE di tahun 2012 menjadi 1,41 ind.m-1 ± 0,16 SE di tahun 2016. Dampak lainnya yaitu penurunan signifikan (P(20,84)=0,00053,p<0,001) kelimpahan ikan karang dari 28.733,26 ind.ha-1 ± 3.757,89 SE di tahun 2012 menjadi 11.431,18 ind.ha-1 ± 702,53 SE di tahun 2016 serta penurunan biomassa ikan karang namun tidak signifikan (P(0,58)=0,46 ,P> 0,05) dari 506,56 kg.ha-1 ± 99,05 SE di tahun 2012 menjadi 438,41 kg.ha-1 ± 45,69 SE di tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dampak bleaching menyebabkan sedikitnya rekrutmen karang yang mengakibatkan proses recovery area terdampak menjadi lambat dikarenakan juvenil karang baru sebagian besar mati. Dampak kedua dari bleaching ini yaitu kelimpahan ikan yang turun signifikan, hal ini mengindikasikan yang tersedia hanya ikan-ikan ukuran besar (dewasa) dan sedikitnya ikan-ikan kecil termasuk juvenile yang ditemukan.
Kata kunci: pemanasan global, pemutihan karang, tutupan karang, ikan karang
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