Penentuan Musim Penangkapan Ikan Ekor Kuning (Blonch, 1791): Studi Perairan Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Determination Fishing Seasonal of Yellowtail (Blonch, 1791): Case Study of Karimunjawa Waters, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.01.8Keywords:
Caesio Cuning, Indeks Musim Penangkapan, Karimunjawa, Keberlanjutan, Fishing Seasonal Indeks, SustainabilityAbstract
Ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning) merupakan komoditas unggulan bagi nelayan di Karimunjawa karena memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Namun, produksi tangkapan yang fluktuatif mengakibatkan pendapatan nelayan menjadi tidak stabil, menimbulkan tantangan ekonomi di sektor ini. Pengelolaan tingkat pemanfaatan ikan ini perlu dioptimalkan dengan memperhatikan etika lingkungan. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat diterapkan adalah penentuan indeks musim penangkapan, yang mempertimbangkan pola penangkapan agar kegiatan penangkapan dapat berlangsung efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan indeks musim penangkapan ikan ekor kuning yang optimal menggunakan metode rata-rata bergerak (moving average) berdasarkan analisis runtun waktu, sehingga penangkapan dapat dioptimalkan secara berkelanjutan. Data yang digunakan meliputi produksi tangkapan ikan ekor kuning dari alat tangkap panah, bersumber dari statistik perikanan Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Karimunjawa antara Tahun 2017 - 2023. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ikan ekor kuning memiliki musim puncak penangkapan yang terjadi pada musim barat (Jan dan Feb) dan musim transisi I (Mar, Apr, Mei) dengan IMP > 100%, sementara indeks terendah terjadi pada musim transisi II (Sep, Okt, Nov) yang menjadikan bulan tersebut dalam kategori tidak musim penangkapan (IMP<100). Nilai indeks tersebut menunjukkan pola fluktuasi musim penangkapan yang dapat dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan, guna meningkatkan efektivitas penangkapan dan keberlanjutan ikan ekor kuning serta mendukung kesejahteraan nelayan di Kawasan Karimunjawa.
Yellowtail (Caesio cuning) is a leading commodity for fishermen in Karimunjawa because it has high economic value. However, fluctuating catch production results in unstable income for fishermen, creating economic challenges in this sector. The management of the utilization level of this fish needs to be optimized by considering environmental ethics. One approach that can be applied is determining the fishing season index, which considers fishing patterns so that fishing activities can occur effectively and efficiently. This study aims to determine the optimal yellowtail fishing season index using the moving average method based on time series analysis to optimize fishing sustainably. The data used includes the production of yellowtail catches from spearfishing fishing gear, sourced from the Karimunjawa Fishing Port (PPP) fisheries statistics between 2017 to 2023. The results are that yellowtail have a peak fishing season that occurs in the Northwest monsoon season (Jan and Feb) and transition I (Mar, Apr, May) with an (FSI>100%), while the lowest index occurs in transition II (Sep, Oct, Nov) which makes the month in the category of non-fishing season (FSI<100). The index value shows the pattern of fishing season fluctuations that can be used as a basis for decision-making in sustainable fisheries management to increase the effectiveness of fishing and the sustainability of yellowtail and support the welfare of fishermen in Karimunjawa.
References
[1] Taali, M., Supriyanto, M., Farani, D. B., Puspitasari, D. A. K., dan Amri, L. H. A. 2023. Public Awareness of Conservation Area at Karimun Jawa. SWAGATI: Journal of Community Service, 1(3): 157-162.
[2] Prihatiningsih Nurdin, E., Taufik, M., Panggabean, A. S., Mahulette, R. T., Chodrijah, U., dan Muchlis, N. (2024, September). Biology reproduction and population dynamics of Caesio cuning (Family: Caesionidae) in Kendari Waters, Banda Sea, Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1400(1): 012025). IOP Publishing.
[3] Fricke, R., Kulbicki, M., dan Wantiez, L. 2011 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A Neue Serie 4:341-463
[4] Carpenter, K, E. 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 8. Fusilier fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date Rome: FAO Fish
[5] Carpenter, K, E, dan Niem, V, H. 2001. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol 5 Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) Rome: FAO of the United Nations p 2876
[6] Yuliana E, Boer M, Fahrudin A, Kamal MM, Muttaqin E. 2016. Status stok ikan karang target di kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 22 (1): 9-16.
[7] Iskandar, D., Bimasakti, Y., Baskoro, M. S., Hariwisudho, S., dan Iskandar, B. H. 2021. Tingkat keramahan bubu ekor kuning yang dioperasikan nelayan di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu. Maspari Journal: Marine Science Research, 13(2): 89-104.
[8] Irnawati, R., Simbolon, D., Wiryawan, B., Murdiyanto, B., dan Nurani, T. W. 2011. Analisis komoditas unggulan perikanan tangkap di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jurnal Saintek Perikanan, 7(1): 1-9
[9] Putra, P. C. P., Wahyudi, S. T., Sambah, A. B., dan Sartimbul, A. 2024. Growth and mortality model of Caesio cuning in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 25(11): 4215-4222.
[10] Birnie‐Gauvin, K., Costantini, D., Cooke, S. J., dan Willmore, W. G. (2017). A comparative and evolutionary approach to oxidative stress in fish: a review. Fish and Fisheries, 18(5): 928-942.
[11] Ahmed, I., Reshi, Q. M., dan Fazio, F. 2020. The influence of the endogenous and exogenous factors on hematological parameters in different fish species: a review. Aquaculture international, 28: 869-899.
[12] Ahrens, R. N., Allen, M. S., Walters, C., dan Arlinghaus, R. 2020. Saving large fish through harvest slots outperforms the classical minimum‐length limit when the aim is to achieve multiple harvest and catch‐related fisheries objectives. Fish and Fisheries, 21(3): 483-510.
[13] Bell, J. D., Watson, R. A., dan Ye, Y. 2017. Global fishing capacity and fishing effort from 1950 to 2012. Fish and Fisheries, 18(3): 489-505.
[14] Lennox, R. J., Alós, J., Arlinghaus, R., Horodysky, A., Klefoth, T., Monk, C. T., dan Cooke, S. J. 2017. What makes fish vulnerable to capture by hooks? A conceptual framework and a review of key determinants. Fish and Fisheries, 18(5): 986-1010.
[15] Sartimbul, A., Rohadi, E., Ikhsani, S. N., Listiyaningsih, D. 2018a. Morphometric and meristic variations among five populations of Sardinella lemuru Bleeker, 1853 from waters of Bali Strait, northern and southern- east Java and their relation to the environment. AACL Bioflux 11, 744–752.
[16] Sartimbul, A., Rohadi, E., Yona, D., Yuli, H. E., Sambah, A. B., Arleston, J. 2018b. Change in species composition and its implication on climate variation in Bali Strait: Case study in 2006 and 2010. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 38-46.
[17] Sartimbul, A., Kasitowati, R. D., 'Izza, M. K, Fauzia, S. S. 2021a. High catch of Sardinella lemuru (Bleeker, 1853) and plankton abundance in Prigi Waters: Case study in 2017 and 2019. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 744 (1): 012071). IOP Publishing.
[18] Sartimbul, A., Trishnayana, E., Rohadi, E., Muslihah, N., Lutfi, O. M., Iranawati, F., Sambah, A. B. 2021b. Plankton’s abundance and its implications for Sardinella lemuru catch in Prigi waters. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 763 (1): 012049). IOP Publishing.
[19] Sartimbul, A., Nakata, H., Herawati, E. Y., Rohadi, E., Yona, D., Harlyan, L. I., Lauro, F. M. 2023. Monsoonal variation and its impact on the feeding habit of Bali Sardinella (S. lemuru Bleeker, 1853) in Bali Strait. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 211, 105317.
[20] Lam, V. W., Allison, E. H., Bell, J. D., Blythe, J., Cheung, W. W., Frölicher, T. L., Sumaila, U. R. 2020. Climate change, tropical fisheries and prospects for sustainable development. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(9): 440-454.
[21] Chodrijah, U., dan Hariati, T. 2017. Musim penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 16(3): 217-233.
[22] Copes, P. 2019. A critical review of the individual quota as a device in fisheries management. Fisheries Economics, 1(1): 311-324.
[23] Matakupan, H., Hiariey, J., Tupamahu, A., dan Baskoro, M. S. 2018. Dinamika Daerah Penangkapan Ikan Pelagis di Kota Ambon. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia, 3(2): 136-143.
[24] Waruwu, M. (2023). Pendekatan penelitian pendidikan: metode penelitian kualitatif, metode penelitian kuantitatif dan metode penelitian kombinasi (Mixed Method). Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1): 2896-2910.
[25] Spiegel, M. R. 1961. Theory and Problems of Statistics. Schaum Publ. Co., New York. 359 p.
[26] Purwasasmita, R. 1993. Musim Penangkapan Ikan Cakalang, Katsuwonus pelamis, dengan Kapal- kapal Huhate dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Peningkatan Produksi di Perairan Sekitar Sorong. Jur. Pen. Perikanan Laut 79 : 1 - 13.
[27] Illahi, R. W., Syahputra, A. F., Aida, G. R., Prajasti, C. N. 2023. Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Produksi Perikanan Tangkap di Laut Jawa Timur Indonesia. Jurnal Agrimanex: Agribusiness, Rural Management, and Development Extension, 3(2): 178-188.
[28] Teh, L. S., Cheung, W. W., Christensen, V., dan Sumaila, U. R. 2017. Can we meet the Target? Status and future trends for fisheries sustainability. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 29: 118-130.
[29] Edgar, G. J., Ward, T. J., dan Stuart‐Smith, R. D. 2018. Rapid declines across Australian fishery stocks indicate global sustainability targets will not be achieved without an expanded network of ‘no‐fishing’ reserves. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 28(6): 1337-1350.
[30] Guiet, J., Galbraith, E., Kroodsma, D., dan Worm, B. 2019. Seasonal variability in global industrial fishing effort. PLoS One, 14(5): e0216819.
[31] Mammel, M., Lee, M. A., Naimullah, M., Liao, C. H., Wang, Y. C., dan Semedi, B. 2023. Habitat changes and catch rate variability for greater amberjack in the Taiwan Strait: The effects of El Niño–southern oscillation events. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10: 1024669.
[32] Ramadian, A., dan Muthmainnah, D. 2023. Pengelolaan perikanan perairan darat di Indonesia. Penerbit Widina.
[33] Prabowo, D. A., Triarso, I., dan Kunarso, K. 2017. Pengaruh parameter suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a terhadap CpUE ikan tenggiri (scomberomorus commersoni) dengan alat tangkap pancing ulur di perairan karimunjawa. Journal of Fisheries Resources Utilization Management and Technology, 6(4): 158-167.
[34] Nggajo, R., Wardiatno, Y., dan Zamani, N. P. 2009. Keterkaitan sumberdaya ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning) dengan karakteristik habitat pada ekosistem terumbu karang di Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Perairan dan Perikanan Indonesia, 16(2): 97-110.
[35] Munandar, B., Purwanto, P., dan Kunarso, K. 2016. Kaitan monsun terhadap variabilitas suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a untuk prediksi potensi fishing ground di Perairan Karimunjawa. Journal of Oceanography, 5(4): 505-511.
[36] Little, A. G., Loughland, I., & Seebacher, F. 2020. What do warming waters mean for fish physiology and fisheries?. Journal of Fish Biology, 97(2): 328-340.
[37] Volkoff, H., dan Rønnestad, I. 2020. Effects of temperature on feeding and digestive processes in fish. Temperature, 7(4): 307-320.
[38] Apriliani, T., Kurniasari, N., dan Yuliati, C. 2019. Strategi pengelolaan perikanan di waduk sempor, kabupaten kebumen, provinsi jawa tengah. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 13(2): 153-166
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
